THREAT ASSESSMENT: Taiwan's Rapid Expansion of Distributed Anti-Ship Defense Capabilities

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If land-based Harpoon systems are fully integrated across Taiwan’s western coast, then PLA amphibious planning must account for a distributed, mobile anti-ship network that raises the cost of entry across the entire strait.
The integration of 100 land-based Harpoon Coastal Defense Systems into Taiwan's naval architecture significantly increases the cost of amphibious operations for the People's Liberation Army (PLA) by creating a highly mobile, resilient, and multi-layered anti-ship network. This shift represents a move toward a 'porcupine' defense strategy, emphasizing survivability and lethality in high-jamming environments. The threat is characterized by a concerted effort to deter Chinese maritime encroachment, which has seen record activity levels, including 244 Chinese vessels detected near Taiwan in the previous month. This capability is likely to be fully operational by the end of 2028, with current deployment phases already underway. The impact is a substantial increase in tactical complexity for PLA strike groups and landing forces, forcing them to account for unpredictable, land-based missile threats across the entire Taiwan Strait. Recommended actions include accelerating the integration of these systems with domestic Hsiung Feng II/III missiles, maintaining high-tempo simulated strike training, and securing long-term sustainment support from the US to ensure operational readiness. Confidence levels: Deployment timeline (High), Strategic effectiveness (Medium-High), PLA counter-response (Medium).
Published August 31, 2026